21 October 2014

maize

Maize sounds like maze (labyrinth) or amazing.

Here is an amazing maize maze!


20 October 2014

eventually

In English, "eventually" means "in the end", "after a long wait" or "finally".

Example:
 
I argued with my colleague for over a week, but eventually I had to admit that she was right.
You can run from your problems but eventually they will catch up with you.


Origin of the confusion:

In German, "eventuell" means "possibly" or "potentially".

06 October 2014

Commas in English

Commas are complicated! Here are a few rules. One general piece of advice: if you have a lot of commas in a sentence, consider dividing it into two (or more) sentences or changing the word order.


Commas as brackets

Commas can be used in place of brackets. Make sure that the sentence isn't too long and that it is clear which part of the sentence is in comma brackets. 

My friend Li, who comes from China, doesn't have any brothers or sisters.


Tip: If the sentence is long with a lot of commas, consider using real brackets, e.g. 

My friend Li (who comes from China) doesn't have any brothers or sisters.


Commas to separate introductions

Commas should be used to separate the introductory element from the rest of the sentence.
In 2014, elections for the European Parliament took place.
In general, you should go to the airport one hour before your flight.
However, ...
For example, ...

This is also true if the words come in the middle of the sentence:

You can, of course, go to the airport two hours before your flight.
I would recommend, however, that you only go one hour before.

Tip: If the sentence is long with a lot of commas, consider putting this information at the end of the sentence, e.g. 

Elections for the European Parliament took place in 2014.


Commas when adverbial or subordinate clauses come first

I call these "flipped sentences". In this kind of sentence, the "because", "as", "due to", "owing to", "although", "if", etc. comes first.

Because animals were not allowed in the student dorms, I had to give away my hamster to a friend.
Although I learnt to play the piano when I was younger, I don't think I would be able to read music now.


Tip: If the sentence is long with a lot of commas, consider flipping the sentence and removing the commas e.g. 

I had to give away my hamster to a friend because animals were not allowed in the student dorms."


Examples of sentences with a lot of commas:

Owing to the one-child policy, my friend Li, who comes from China, doesn't have any brothers or sisters.

Here it would be better to remove one set of commas:

My friend Li, who comes from China, doesn't have any brothers or sisters owing to the one-child policy.
Owing to the one-child policy, my Chinese friend Li doesn't have any brothers or sisters.


Extra advice for native German speakers: