Do not use an acronym without defining it beforehand. Define acronyms by saying the word, then putting the acronym in brackets.
Use the acronym throughout.
For example:
Membrane bioreactors (MBR) are widely used in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The WWTP monitored in this study treats water from almost 4000 households.
Possible exceptions:
Some style guides say that the first word of a new sentence should not be an acronym or abbreviation. Some journals also recommend redefining acronyms in the results or discussion section of a paper if they were first mentioned in materials and methods, because not everyone ready materials and methods.
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